A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) VACCINE IN THE MALE AND FEMALE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD)(STAGE III-IV) UNDERGOING MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS (MHD)

Abstract

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) are highly vulnerable to acquiring infections such as Hepatitis B virus (HBV). This increased risk stems from repeated blood exposure, vascular access, and frequent contact with medical equipment. HBV vaccination is globally recognized as the most effective preventive measure against HBV transmission; however, its immunogenicity is significantly reduced in CKD patients due to immune dysfunction. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the HBV vaccine between male and female CKD patients undergoing MHD, with additional analysis of factors such as CKD stage, Comorbidities, and vaccine dosage.

A total of 70 patients (32 males, 38 females) with CKD stages III–IV were included in the study. Patients received either a standard 20 mcg or a double 40 mcg dose of recombinant HBV vaccine, and anti-HBs titers were measured post-vaccination to assess seroconversion. The overall vaccine response rate was higher in females than males, though not statistically significant. Patients in stage IV showed a stronger response than those in stage III. High-dose vaccination (40 mcg) was associated with better immunogenicity compared to the standard 20 mcg regimen. No statistically significant relationship was found between vaccine response and age, diabetes, or hypertension.

This study concludes that CKD stage and vaccine dosage are stronger predictors of vaccine responsiveness than gender or Comorbidities. The findings suggest the need for tailored vaccination strategies, including dose adjustments and routine monitoring, to improve immunity in this vulnerable population.